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图片来源
A 3D lighting artist is a member of a larger team of 3D artists who specialize in lighting the final scene(or render) in a style that blends properly with the 3D project. This can include lighting for video games, movies, instruction videos, or architecture mockups.
3D照明艺术家是一个更大的3D艺术家团队的成员，他们专门以与3D项目正确融合的风格照亮最终场景（或渲染）。这可以包括视频游戏，电影，说明视频或建筑模型的照明。
Once productions reach a certain size, the level of quality and short deadlines makes it infeasible to hire only 3D generalists to produce full projects.
一旦制作达到一定的规模，质量水平和较短的期限使得仅雇用3D通才来制作完整项目变得不可行。
At this point studios tend to diversify their CG workforce into separate branches.
These branches usually include(but aren’t limited to) dedicated modellers, riggers, animators, texture artists, and lighting artists.
在这一点上，工作室倾向于将其CG员工分散到单独的分支机构中。
这些分支通常包括（但不限于）专门的建模师、装配工、动画师、纹理艺术家和照明艺术家。
By expanding the studio in this way you can get much more talented people, as they have spent more of their time honing their skills in a smaller subset of each 3D process.
通过以这种方式扩展工作室，您可以获得更多有才华的人，因为他们花更多的时间在每个3D过程的较小子集中磨练自己的技能。
So What Is 3D Lighting?
Modern render engines and most real time game engines calculate lighting in a way very similar to that in the real world.
那么什么是3D照明？
现代渲染引擎和大多数实时游戏引擎计算光照的方式与现实世界非常相似。
But the lights you use in a scene need to be set up by the artist to give the scene the final look.
It is comparable to when a photographer or film crew use scene lights or light reflectors to give their shot the correct mood.
但是，您在场景中使用的灯光需要由艺术家设置，以使场景具有最终外观。
这与摄影师或电影摄制组使用场景灯光或反光板来给他们的镜头带来正确的情绪是相当的。
There are several forms of digital lights, and they vary depending on the software & the render or real-time engine being used.
Some examples of these lights you may want to look into:
有几种形式的数字灯光，它们根据软件和正在使用的渲染或实时引擎而有所不同。
您可能需要查看这些灯光的一些示例：
Spotlight
Spotlights behave in the 3D world very similarly to their real world counterparts.
The light is emitted from a source within the 3D space then projects a “cone” of light in a single direction.
聚光灯
聚光灯在3D世界中的行为与现实世界中非常相似。
光从3D空间内的光源发射，然后在单个方向上投射光的“锥形”。
These lights are very customizable, allowing you to change the direction of the cone, the intensity, and color of the light.
Within the cone size settings you usually have options called near and far attenuation (or falloff).
这些灯是非常可定制的，允许您更改锥体的方向，光的强度和颜色。
在圆锥尺寸设置中，您通常具有称为近衰减和远衰减（或衰减）的选项。
Attenuation means a reduction of a force, so your near attenuation will be where your light will project without decay. On the other side the far attenuation, this is where your cone of light will finish decaying and no longer produce any light from that point onward.
衰减意味着力的减少，所以你的近衰减将是你的光投射而不会衰减的地方。在另一方面，远衰减，这是你的光锥将完成衰变并且从该点开始不再产生任何光的地方。


Two examples of a spotlight in 3DS Max showing the difference falloff options can make
With these settings Spotlights are very useful when producing single product shots, similar in aesthetic to something produced in a photography studio.
3DS Max 中的两个聚光灯示例显示了衰减选项可能产生的差异
通过这些设置，聚光灯在制作单个产品镜头时非常有用，其美学类似于摄影工作室制作的东西。
If you intend to do this I recommend looking into some basic real world lighting setups studios use for inspiration. The most common of these being 3 point lighting.
如果您打算这样做，我建议您研究一些工作室使用的基本现实世界照明设置以获取灵感。其中最常见的是3点照明。
In 3 point lighting you start with a main light to light the product and produce detailed shadows.
在3点照明中，您从主光开始照亮产品并产生详细的阴影。
A second light is usually at around a 90-degree angle to the first and has a much lower intensity/ brightness. This light helps soften up the coloring in the shadows.
第二盏灯通常与第一盏灯成90度角，并且强度/亮度要低得多。这种光有助于柔化阴影中的着色。
The final light goes directly behind the camera in the scene and it used to highlight the products edges.
最终的光线直接在场景中的摄像头后面，它曾经突出显示产品边缘。


Three point lighting example
三点照明示例
Point/Omni Light
Point lights (sometimes called Omni lights) are similar to spotlights, only their light emits in all directions.
点光源/全向光源
点光源（有时称为全向光源）类似于聚光灯，只是它们的光向所有方向发射。
These lights are also very customisable in their brightness, color and depending on the software, their source size and shape.
They also have attenuation settings similar to the spotlight, but instead of affecting the edge of a cone they will affect an area (that is usually spherical depending on your light source) all around the light.
这些灯的亮度，颜色以及取决于软件，光源大小和形状也非常可定制。
它们还具有类似于聚光灯的衰减设置，但它们不会影响锥体的边缘，而是会影响光线周围的区域（通常是球形的，具体取决于光源）。

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These lights are very good for general lighting in real world settings.
If you have an open flame or an exposed light bulb these are the kinds of lights you want to use.
这些灯光非常适合在现实世界设置中的一般照明。
如果你有一个明火或一个暴露的灯泡，这些是你想要使用的灯的种类。
Ambient Light
Ambient lights are very different from the others in this list.
环境光
环境光与此列表中的其他环境光有很大不同。
While they technically have a source within the scene where you can select and move the light, when it comes to rendering there is no source for this light.
虽然从技术上讲，它们在场景中有一个光源，您可以在其中选择和移动光源，但在渲染时，没有此光源。
All this light does is brighten up your entire scene uniformly, causing no bright spots where a regular source light would.
This also limits the customizability of these lights with you only being able to change their color and brightness.
所有这些光线所做的就是均匀地照亮整个场景，不会像常规光源那样产生亮点。
这也限制了这些灯光的可定制性，您只能更改其颜色和亮度。

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Note these ambient lights are usually added last to a scene as they’re only in place to support your main lighting, usually by brightening shadows or adding a tint to the full scene.
请注意，这些环境光源通常最后添加到场景中，因为它们仅用于支持主光源，通常是通过增亮阴影或为整个场景添加色调。
HDRI Light
HDRI lights are an interesting form of lighting where all the information is taken from an image and translated into lighting data.
HDRI Light
HDRI灯光是一种有趣的照明形式，其中所有信息都从图像中获取并转换为照明数据。
HDRI stands for High-dynamic-range imaging which is a technique used in photography to produce images that can store a larger amount of information than a standard photograph.
HDRI代表高动态范围成像，这是摄影中使用的一种技术，用于产生可以存储比标准照片更大信息量的图像。
This can be useful in many post processing applications. And in our case, 3D lighting!
这在许多后处理应用中都很有用。在我们的例子中，3D照明！
These images are taken with a 360 HDRI camera of real world environments. Which means the lighting they produce is reflective of that environment in real life, which allows you to get some realistic results.
这些图像是使用真实世界环境的360 HDRI摄像机拍摄的。这意味着它们产生的照明可以反映现实生活中的环境，这使您可以获得一些逼真的结果。
Due to all the lighting information being baked into the HDRI image there is very little customisation in this form of lighting, usually only limited to the rotation of the image dictating the main light source’s direction, and changing the brightness to suit your image.
由于所有照明信息都被烘焙到HDRI图像中，因此这种形式的照明几乎没有自定义，通常仅限于指示主光源方向的图像旋转，并更改亮度以适合您的图像。

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Even with these limitations, the huge amount of information stored in these images make them a favourite for many professional studios.
The subtlety of the shadows and highlights often makes for a well-lit realistic scene.
即使存在这些限制，存储在这些图像中的大量信息也使它们成为许多专业工作室的最爱。
阴影和高光的微妙之处通常使光线充足的逼真场景变得明亮。
Sun/Sky Light
Sunlight is usually a combination of a spotlight and HDRI.
太阳/天空光
阳光通常是聚光灯和HDRI的组合。
This type of light tends to import with a custom HDRI that is relatively flat, giving off no strong lighting information and is only used to soften shadows and other darker areas.
The “Sun” light acts similarly to a spotlight producing the main bulk of the light in the scene.
这种类型的光线倾向于使用相对平坦的自定义HDRI导入，不会发出强烈的照明信息，仅用于柔化阴影和其他较暗的区域。
“太阳”光的作用类似于聚光灯，产生场景中的主要大部分光。
Due to the main light being separate from the HDRI allows for more customizability in your lighting, which can give you some nice results.
由于主光与HDRI分开，因此可以在照明中实现更多的可定制性，这可以为您提供一些不错的效果。

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Do note that depending on your scene, sunlights can be very bright.
请注意，根据您的场景，阳光可能非常明亮。
You may need to change the exposure value of your camera to compensate for this if your scene is getting completely blown out.
您可能需要更改相机的曝光值，以便在场景完全爆炸时对此进行补偿。
A 3D lighting artist will have knowledge of all of these lights (or their equivalent in whichever software they use). And most lighting artists develop a professional process in deciding when to use them to their full potential to light their scenes to the specifications of any 3D project.
3D照明艺术家将了解所有这些灯光（或他们使用的任何软件中的等效物）。大多数灯光艺术家在决定何时充分利用它们以充分发挥其潜力以按照任何3D项目的规格照亮场景时都会制定专业流程。
Light artists will also pair this information with knowledge about lighting set-ups in real world areas to create a similarly realistic to the scene to whatever they are working on.
These two things, combined with many hours of practice, make a specialized lighting artist incredibly valuable beyond just a general 3D/CG artist.
灯光艺术家还将这些信息与现实世界区域中照明设置的知识相结合，以创建与他们正在处理的场景类似的逼真效果。
这两件事，加上许多小时的实践，使一个专业的灯光艺术家非常有价值，而不仅仅是一般的3D / CG艺术家。

Image source
图片来源
A 3D lighting artist is a member of a larger team of 3D artists who specialize in lighting the final scene(or render) in a style that blends properly with the 3D project. This can include lighting for video games, movies, instruction videos, or architecture mockups.
3D照明艺术家是一个更大的3D艺术家团队的成员，他们专门以与3D项目正确融合的风格照亮最终场景（或渲染）。这可以包括视频游戏，电影，说明视频或建筑模型的照明。
Once productions reach a certain size, the level of quality and short deadlines makes it infeasible to hire only 3D generalists to produce full projects.
一旦制作达到一定的规模，质量水平和较短的期限使得仅雇用3D通才来制作完整项目变得不可行。
At this point studios tend to diversify their CG workforce into separate branches.
These branches usually include(but aren’t limited to) dedicated modellers, riggers, animators, texture artists, and lighting artists.
在这一点上，工作室倾向于将其CG员工分散到单独的分支机构中。
这些分支通常包括（但不限于）专门的建模师、装配工、动画师、纹理艺术家和照明艺术家。
By expanding the studio in this way you can get much more talented people, as they have spent more of their time honing their skills in a smaller subset of each 3D process.
通过以这种方式扩展工作室，您可以获得更多有才华的人，因为他们花更多的时间在每个3D过程的较小子集中磨练自己的技能。
So What Is 3D Lighting?
Modern render engines and most real time game engines calculate lighting in a way very similar to that in the real world.
那么什么是3D照明？
现代渲染引擎和大多数实时游戏引擎计算光照的方式与现实世界非常相似。
But the lights you use in a scene need to be set up by the artist to give the scene the final look.
It is comparable to when a photographer or film crew use scene lights or light reflectors to give their shot the correct mood.
但是，您在场景中使用的灯光需要由艺术家设置，以使场景具有最终外观。
这与摄影师或电影摄制组使用场景灯光或反光板来给他们的镜头带来正确的情绪是相当的。
There are several forms of digital lights, and they vary depending on the software & the render or real-time engine being used.
Some examples of these lights you may want to look into:
有几种形式的数字灯光，它们根据软件和正在使用的渲染或实时引擎而有所不同。
您可能需要查看这些灯光的一些示例：
Spotlight
Spotlights behave in the 3D world very similarly to their real world counterparts.
The light is emitted from a source within the 3D space then projects a “cone” of light in a single direction.
聚光灯
聚光灯在3D世界中的行为与现实世界中非常相似。
光从3D空间内的光源发射，然后在单个方向上投射光的“锥形”。
These lights are very customizable, allowing you to change the direction of the cone, the intensity, and color of the light.
Within the cone size settings you usually have options called near and far attenuation (or falloff).
这些灯是非常可定制的，允许您更改锥体的方向，光的强度和颜色。
在圆锥尺寸设置中，您通常具有称为近衰减和远衰减（或衰减）的选项。
Attenuation means a reduction of a force, so your near attenuation will be where your light will project without decay. On the other side the far attenuation, this is where your cone of light will finish decaying and no longer produce any light from that point onward.
衰减意味着力的减少，所以你的近衰减将是你的光投射而不会衰减的地方。在另一方面，远衰减，这是你的光锥将完成衰变并且从该点开始不再产生任何光的地方。


Two examples of a spotlight in 3DS Max showing the difference falloff options can make
With these settings Spotlights are very useful when producing single product shots, similar in aesthetic to something produced in a photography studio.
3DS Max 中的两个聚光灯示例显示了衰减选项可能产生的差异
通过这些设置，聚光灯在制作单个产品镜头时非常有用，其美学类似于摄影工作室制作的东西。
If you intend to do this I recommend looking into some basic real world lighting setups studios use for inspiration. The most common of these being 3 point lighting.
如果您打算这样做，我建议您研究一些工作室使用的基本现实世界照明设置以获取灵感。其中最常见的是3点照明。
In 3 point lighting you start with a main light to light the product and produce detailed shadows.
在3点照明中，您从主光开始照亮产品并产生详细的阴影。
A second light is usually at around a 90-degree angle to the first and has a much lower intensity/ brightness. This light helps soften up the coloring in the shadows.
第二盏灯通常与第一盏灯成90度角，并且强度/亮度要低得多。这种光有助于柔化阴影中的着色。
The final light goes directly behind the camera in the scene and it used to highlight the products edges.
最终的光线直接在场景中的摄像头后面，它曾经突出显示产品边缘。


Three point lighting example
三点照明示例
Point/Omni Light
Point lights (sometimes called Omni lights) are similar to spotlights, only their light emits in all directions.
点光源/全向光源
点光源（有时称为全向光源）类似于聚光灯，只是它们的光向所有方向发射。
These lights are also very customisable in their brightness, color and depending on the software, their source size and shape.
They also have attenuation settings similar to the spotlight, but instead of affecting the edge of a cone they will affect an area (that is usually spherical depending on your light source) all around the light.
这些灯的亮度，颜色以及取决于软件，光源大小和形状也非常可定制。
它们还具有类似于聚光灯的衰减设置，但它们不会影响锥体的边缘，而是会影响光线周围的区域（通常是球形的，具体取决于光源）。

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These lights are very good for general lighting in real world settings.
If you have an open flame or an exposed light bulb these are the kinds of lights you want to use.
这些灯光非常适合在现实世界设置中的一般照明。
如果你有一个明火或一个暴露的灯泡，这些是你想要使用的灯的种类。
Ambient Light
Ambient lights are very different from the others in this list.
环境光
环境光与此列表中的其他环境光有很大不同。
While they technically have a source within the scene where you can select and move the light, when it comes to rendering there is no source for this light.
虽然从技术上讲，它们在场景中有一个光源，您可以在其中选择和移动光源，但在渲染时，没有此光源。
All this light does is brighten up your entire scene uniformly, causing no bright spots where a regular source light would.
This also limits the customizability of these lights with you only being able to change their color and brightness.
所有这些光线所做的就是均匀地照亮整个场景，不会像常规光源那样产生亮点。
这也限制了这些灯光的可定制性，您只能更改其颜色和亮度。

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Note these ambient lights are usually added last to a scene as they’re only in place to support your main lighting, usually by brightening shadows or adding a tint to the full scene.
请注意，这些环境光源通常最后添加到场景中，因为它们仅用于支持主光源，通常是通过增亮阴影或为整个场景添加色调。
HDRI Light
HDRI lights are an interesting form of lighting where all the information is taken from an image and translated into lighting data.
HDRI Light
HDRI灯光是一种有趣的照明形式，其中所有信息都从图像中获取并转换为照明数据。
HDRI stands for High-dynamic-range imaging which is a technique used in photography to produce images that can store a larger amount of information than a standard photograph.
HDRI代表高动态范围成像，这是摄影中使用的一种技术，用于产生可以存储比标准照片更大信息量的图像。
This can be useful in many post processing applications. And in our case, 3D lighting!
这在许多后处理应用中都很有用。在我们的例子中，3D照明！
These images are taken with a 360 HDRI camera of real world environments. Which means the lighting they produce is reflective of that environment in real life, which allows you to get some realistic results.
这些图像是使用真实世界环境的360 HDRI摄像机拍摄的。这意味着它们产生的照明可以反映现实生活中的环境，这使您可以获得一些逼真的结果。
Due to all the lighting information being baked into the HDRI image there is very little customisation in this form of lighting, usually only limited to the rotation of the image dictating the main light source’s direction, and changing the brightness to suit your image.
由于所有照明信息都被烘焙到HDRI图像中，因此这种形式的照明几乎没有自定义，通常仅限于指示主光源方向的图像旋转，并更改亮度以适合您的图像。

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Even with these limitations, the huge amount of information stored in these images make them a favourite for many professional studios.
The subtlety of the shadows and highlights often makes for a well-lit realistic scene.
即使存在这些限制，存储在这些图像中的大量信息也使它们成为许多专业工作室的最爱。
阴影和高光的微妙之处通常使光线充足的逼真场景变得明亮。
Sun/Sky Light
Sunlight is usually a combination of a spotlight and HDRI.
太阳/天空光
阳光通常是聚光灯和HDRI的组合。
This type of light tends to import with a custom HDRI that is relatively flat, giving off no strong lighting information and is only used to soften shadows and other darker areas.
The “Sun” light acts similarly to a spotlight producing the main bulk of the light in the scene.
这种类型的光线倾向于使用相对平坦的自定义HDRI导入，不会发出强烈的照明信息，仅用于柔化阴影和其他较暗的区域。
“太阳”光的作用类似于聚光灯，产生场景中的主要大部分光。
Due to the main light being separate from the HDRI allows for more customizability in your lighting, which can give you some nice results.
由于主光与HDRI分开，因此可以在照明中实现更多的可定制性，这可以为您提供一些不错的效果。

更多精彩图片 请登录

Do note that depending on your scene, sunlights can be very bright.
请注意，根据您的场景，阳光可能非常明亮。
You may need to change the exposure value of your camera to compensate for this if your scene is getting completely blown out.
您可能需要更改相机的曝光值，以便在场景完全爆炸时对此进行补偿。
A 3D lighting artist will have knowledge of all of these lights (or their equivalent in whichever software they use). And most lighting artists develop a professional process in deciding when to use them to their full potential to light their scenes to the specifications of any 3D project.
3D照明艺术家将了解所有这些灯光（或他们使用的任何软件中的等效物）。大多数灯光艺术家在决定何时充分利用它们以充分发挥其潜力以按照任何3D项目的规格照亮场景时都会制定专业流程。
Light artists will also pair this information with knowledge about lighting set-ups in real world areas to create a similarly realistic to the scene to whatever they are working on.
These two things, combined with many hours of practice, make a specialized lighting artist incredibly valuable beyond just a general 3D/CG artist.
灯光艺术家还将这些信息与现实世界区域中照明设置的知识相结合，以创建与他们正在处理的场景类似的逼真效果。
这两件事，加上许多小时的实践，使一个专业的灯光艺术家非常有价值，而不仅仅是一般的3D / CG艺术家。