It may be because your layer is hidden at certain zoom levels. When you click "Zoom to Layer" in ArcMap, the software tries to zoom the map view to the smallest range that contains all the features of the layer. If this range exceeds the current zoom level, the layer may be hidden. However, when you click "Zoom to Raster Resolution", the map view will adjust to the best zoom level based on the current raster resolution. You can try adjusting the zoom level manually or checking the visibility settings of the layer to resolve this issue.